{"id":4599,"date":"2021-09-09T13:33:36","date_gmt":"2021-09-09T11:33:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.fabricegagnant.com\/?p=4599"},"modified":"2021-11-16T11:03:06","modified_gmt":"2021-11-16T10:03:06","slug":"maurice-allais","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.fabricegagnant.com\/english\/maurice-allais\/","title":{"rendered":"Maurice Allais. Un autodidacte prix Nobel d&rsquo;\u00e9conomie."},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Maurice Allais (1911-2010) \u00e9tait un \u00e9conomiste et physicien fran\u00e7ais.<\/p>\n<p>Il fut orphelin de p\u00e8re \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e2ge de 4 ans.<\/p>\n<p>Form\u00e9 \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00c9cole polytechnique (X1931 dont il sort major) puis au Corps des mines de Paris, il \u00e9tait autodidacte en \u00e9conomie et chercha \u00e0 produire, empiriquement, une th\u00e9orie g\u00e9n\u00e9rale de l&rsquo;\u00e9conomie.<\/p>\n<p>Il \u00e9labora de nouveaux concepts, en \u00e9conomie :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Le paradoxe d&rsquo;Allais (mise en cause de l&rsquo;un des axiomes de la th\u00e9orie \u00ab d&rsquo;utilit\u00e9 esp\u00e9r\u00e9e \u00bb : l&rsquo;axiome d&rsquo;ind\u00e9pendance forte),<\/li>\n<li>Une th\u00e9orie g\u00e9n\u00e9rale des surplus distribuables,<\/li>\n<li>Une th\u00e9orie des choix al\u00e9atoires,<\/li>\n<li>Les principes de la r\u00e8gle d&rsquo;or,<\/li>\n<li>Une th\u00e9orie de la dynamique mon\u00e9taire.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>et en physique :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>L&rsquo;effet Allais.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Il enseigna \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00c9cole des mines de Paris et en universit\u00e9, \u00e0 Gen\u00e8ve et aux \u00c9tats-Unis. Il fut \u00e9galement directeur de recherche au CNRS.<\/p>\n<p>Il \u00e9tait favorable au libre-\u00e9change uniquement \u00e0 l&rsquo;int\u00e9rieur de groupes d&rsquo;\u00c9tats \u00e9conomiquement homog\u00e8nes.<\/p>\n<p>Il s&rsquo;opposa :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u00e0 l&rsquo;ouverture douani\u00e8re vis-\u00e0-vis de pays pr\u00e9sentant de fortes disparit\u00e9s \u00e9conomiques (niveau de d\u00e9veloppement, protection sociale, normes environnementales, etc.),<\/li>\n<li>aux changes flottants,<\/li>\n<li>\u00e0 la d\u00e9r\u00e9glementation financi\u00e8re,<\/li>\n<li>\u00e0 la cotation continue,<\/li>\n<li>\u00e0 la d\u00e9sindexation des contrats notamment des int\u00e9r\u00eats,<\/li>\n<li>\u00e0 la suppression des protections douani\u00e8res<\/li>\n<li>au trait\u00e9 constitutionnel europ\u00e9en (il \u00e9tait pour une Europe f\u00e9d\u00e9rale non lib\u00e9rale),<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Maurice Allais re\u00e7ut le <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nobelprize.org\/prizes\/economic-sciences\/1988\/allais\/lecture\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">prix Nobel d&rsquo;\u00e9conomie en 1988<\/a> et fut \u00e9lu 2 ans plus tard \u00e0 l&rsquo;<a href=\"https:\/\/academiesciencesmoralesetpolitiques.fr\/les-academiciens-de-1832-a-nos-jours\/les-academiciens-de-1832-a-nos-jours-section-iv\/maurice-allais\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Acad\u00e9mie fran\u00e7aise des sciences morales et politiques<\/a> (section \u00ab\u00a0\u00e9conomie politique, statistique et finances\u00a0\u00bb).<\/p>\n<p>Pour d\u00e9couvrir ses travaux, visitez le site <a href=\"http:\/\/allais.maurice.free.fr\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/allais.maurice.free.fr\/<\/a> ou celui de la <a href=\"http:\/\/www.fondationmauriceallais.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Fondation Maurice Allais<\/a>.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Maurice Allais (1911-2010) \u00e9tait un \u00e9conomiste et physicien fran\u00e7ais. Il fut orphelin de p\u00e8re \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e2ge de 4 ans. Form\u00e9 \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00c9cole polytechnique (X1931 dont il sort major) puis au Corps des mines de Paris, il \u00e9tait autodidacte en \u00e9conomie et chercha \u00e0 produire, empiriquement, une th\u00e9orie g\u00e9n\u00e9rale de l&rsquo;\u00e9conomie. Il \u00e9labora de nouveaux concepts, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"","ocean_second_sidebar":"","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"","ocean_custom_header_template":"","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"default","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"","ocean_post_oembed":"","ocean_post_self_hosted_media":"","ocean_post_video_embed":"","ocean_link_format":"","ocean_link_format_target":"self","ocean_quote_format":"","ocean_quote_format_link":"post","ocean_gallery_link_images":"on","ocean_gallery_id":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[75],"class_list":["post-4599","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-non-classe","tag-maurice-allais","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fabricegagnant.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4599","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fabricegagnant.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fabricegagnant.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fabricegagnant.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fabricegagnant.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4599"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/www.fabricegagnant.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4599\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4882,"href":"https:\/\/www.fabricegagnant.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4599\/revisions\/4882"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fabricegagnant.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4599"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fabricegagnant.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4599"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fabricegagnant.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4599"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}